
1841 - 1895
Berthe Morisot
---
Impressionism
Morisot is best known for her involvement with the Impressionists from 1874 onward. Her work was shown at seven of the eight impressionist exhibits alongside her more publicly recognized contemporaries such as Pissarro and Degas. Scholars now understand that Morisot was often looked at as a ‘token’ of being a woman artist rather than being an artist alone, with scholarly writings and analysis of the Impressionists. It was not until the 1980s that Morisot's work began to attract scholarly attention.
Her work's subjects vary, but consist of landscapes such as those of Normandy and seascapes of Nice, portraits, and activities of women and the bourgeois. Her works, like the association of the Impressionists, went beyond the normal conventions of painting, hence her attribution. Her works deal with light and airy conventions; however, this characteristic of her work led to criticism of her works being seen within the pejorative framework of decorative arts and Rococo conventions (1). Since the Impressionists struggled with the notion of non-acceptance by the artistic community, Morisot received additional critiques due to her sex because she did not follow the mainstream alongside being a woman. She competed at the disadvantage of the perpetual conception of amateurism and an unequal, as often overlooked in the original literature revolving the group of Impressionists.
Many of her works were not sold, and the most complete collection of Morisot's works is at the Musée Marmottan Monet, as most of the works are in the family's possession (2). Julie Manet, her daughter, with her husband's support, bought many of her mother’s works, allowing them to be exhibited and further studied (3).
Navigating Relations & Motherhood
Morisot’s marriage to Eugène Manet when she was 33 was preceded by Morisot’s working and close friendship with his brother Édouard Manet. Scholars and individuals speculate about the relationship that Édouard and Berthe had working closely over the years before her relationship with Eugène, because of the societal expectations and rules of women in the studio; that a woman was not to be alone with a man (4).
Additionally, Édouard painted 11 portraits of Berthe (before her marriage), which was more than he ever painted of his wife, Suzanne (5). Ongoing disputes also delve into Berthe’s potential interest in her romantic interest in Édouard, regarding the remarks of her letter to her sister Edma.
Through a mutual acquaintance in 1867, Henri Fantin-Latour introduced the two started their artistic journey through their friendship. Nevertheless, these remarks are mere speculative into the nature of plutonic or romantic relations they held. Nevertheless, when gazing at the transformation of Manet’s later works, there is now the association of Berthe’s characteristics of color palette and strokes. Likewise, an ongoing matter is the influence of Édouard on Berthe’s work and vice versa, hers on his (6).
Morisot’s marriage led to the birth of her daughter Julie Manet, a common subject within her work. Though through letters to Edma, Morisot longed to be a mother, there was a tinge of disappointment of Julie being born a girl (7) . This may have been due to the societal expectations and, furthermore, the discrimination that Morisot had faced. Nevertheless, Julie became central to Morisot's life with her frequent depictions through her adolence. Julie Manet went on to live a life with her husband, Ernest Rouart. She painted, but ultimately did not exhibit after the birth of her sons, like her mother. However, the pair collected Morisot’s life's work to have on display (8).
Family & Early Years
Born in 1841 in Bourges, France, Morisot was brought up in a well-established and wealthy family. Raised by Edmé Tiburce Morisot and Marie-Joséphine-Cornélie Thomas, Morisot grew up alongside two sisters and one brother. Morisot’s relationship with her sister Edma proved to be impactful and relevant throughout her life, including her formative years.
Both Berthe and Edma painted. Together, they received private instruction due to the barring of women regarding art education in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts de Paris. The two studied under several instructors, including Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, a Barbizon painter (9). Despite their hardships, their family background allowed them the opportunity to pursue early growth in their work. Additionally, their mother supported their artistic pursuits to receive an artistic education. After some time, Edma, who, like Berthe, became a mother, stopped painting. As discussed, the closeness of the pair remained through letters.
Aside from Edma, Berthe became intertwined with the Manet family in 1874 with her marriage to Eugène Manet. Eugene, being the younger brother of the renowned artist Édouard Manet, supported and encouraged Morisot's pursuit in following her skills in painting (10) . Eugene’s painting career, in comparison to both Édouard and Berthe’s contributions, is little recognized and minimized within the artistic sphere.
The pair had a daughter in 1878, Julie Manet, depicted in over a dozen of Morisot's paintings. Though the time shared was a short time together before Julie was left in her teenage years without parents, their connection ran beyond their lifespans. Julie Manet went on to collect her mother Berthe Morisot's work, which is now exhibited at museums internationally and included in a rotating exhibition Manet & Morisot.
Rivalry & Artistry: Biographical Information
Berthe Morisot established her artistic ability through her close work with the Impressionists in the 1870s. Growing up, her family's financial situation allowed her private instruction. Early on, they moved from Bourges to Paris, France. Frequently, she progressed through training and the work of imitating paintings at the Louvre. Before her recognition and fame, she painted sites like Auvers, Normandy, and Pont-Aven (11). Morisot’s nontraditional painting style developed as she became connected to Édouard Manet, and their artistic relationship was established. After marriage and motherhood, her painting did not cease; she worked until her death. Nevertheless, during her years, she became acquainted with the other Impressionists and was deemed a rival of Mary Cassatt, being the one other woman associated with the movement.
Her connections are widely seen with depictions through Renoir's painting of her daughter Julie, and the help of her confidants to provide for Julie after both Berthe and Eugène's deaths. It is cited by the Musée d’Orsay that Morisot left behind 400 paintings at the time of her passing. Ultimately, her works are now seen by the majority in France, but also around the world.
Notes
-
Therese Dolan, Woman’s Art Journal 40, no. 2 (2019): 44, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27095957.
-
"Seven Essential Works by Berthe Morisot and Where to Find Them," Sarah Belmont, Artnews, Published June 29, 2023. https://www.artnews.com/list/art-news/artists/impressionism-berthe-morisot-impressionist-essential-works-1234666558/the-sisters-1869-national-gallery-of-art-washington-dc/.
-
“A family affair: masterpieces by Morisot and Manet from the Rouart Collection,” Christie’s, Last modified December 3, 2023, https://www.christies.com/en/stories/impressionist-masterpieces-morisot-manet-from-rouart-collection-october-2021-9978ae59d7ba4d7a86e24220e64c4c1c.
-
Dolan, 41.
-
"See How Manet and Morisot’s Creative Friendship Influenced Their Artistic Styles." Ella Feldman, Smithsonian magazine. Published October 28, 2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/see-how-manet-and-morisots-creative-friendship-influenced-their-artistic-styles-180987574/.
-
"Creative Friendship," Feldman.
-
Christine Havice, “The Artist in Her Own Words,” Woman’s Art Journal 2, no. 2 (1981): 1, https://doi.org/10.2307/1357974.
-
Havice, "The Artist," 1.
-
"Seven Essential Works," Belmont.
-
"A family affair," Christie's.
-
Dolan, 41.
Bibliography
Barnes Foundation. Berthe Morisot: Woman Impressionist. Last modified June 23, 2020. https://www.barnesfoundation.org/whats-on/morisot.
Belmont, Sarah. "Seven Essential Works by Berthe Morisot and Where to Find Them." Artnews. Published June 29, 2023. https://www.artnews.com/list/art-news/artists/impressionism-berthe-morisot-impressionist-essential-works-1234666558/the-sisters-1869-national-gallery-of-art-washington-dc/.
Christie’s. “A family affair: masterpieces by Morisot and Manet from the Rouart Collection.” Last modified December 3, 2023. https://www.christies.com/en/stories/impressionist-masterpieces-morisot-manet-from-rouart-collection-october-2021-9978ae59d7ba4d7a86e24220e64c4c1c.
Dolan, Therese. Woman’s Art Journal 40, no. 2 (2019): 40–45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27095957.
Feldman, Ella. "See How Manet and Morisot’s Creative Friendship Influenced Their Artistic Styles." Smithsonian magazine. Published October 28, 2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/see-how-manet-and-morisots-creative-friendship-influenced-their-artistic-styles-180987574/.
Havice, Christine. “The Artist in Her Own Words.” Woman’s Art Journal 2, no. 2 (1981): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2307/1357974.
Kinney, Leila W. French Politics and Society 9, no. 1 (1991): 105–11. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42844205.
Musée d’Orsay. Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) From June 18th to September 22nd, 2019. https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/whats-on/exhibitions/presentation/berthe-morisot-1841-1895.
Musée d’Orsay. Julie Manet. Last modified 2025.
https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/artworks/julie-manet-100382.
Musée Marmottan Monet. “Berthe Morisot: A Unique Discovery.” Last modified March 1, 2019. https://www.marmottan.fr/en/collections/berthe-morisot/.
National Museum of Women in Art. “Berthe Morisot.” Last modified May 29, 2020. https://nmwa.org/art/artists/berthe-morisot/.
Tate. “Berthe Morisot.” Last updated November 5, 2025.






